Scale can have a large effect on vector data. When studying hydrographic data with varying scales it is clear the line water will change depending on scale, a higher scale giving much more accurate data. Resolution, just like scale, will have a large effect on data. When you have a better resolution your data will be smoother and more accurate.
Gerrymandering is the manipulation of boundaries to favor one party over another. One way to measure this is using the Polsby-Popper score to find the compactness of a district. The lower the score the worst the 'offender' is. Below is a screenshot of the worst offender in the data.